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Theme 3

Earth and Planetary Materials at Depth: Formation, Evolution and Dynamics

Sumit Chakraborty, University of Bochum, Germany,
Chrystele Sanloup, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, ; and University of Edinburgh, UK,

Co-hosted sessions

SESSIONS

3a. Flow and deformation in planetary interiors

Co-convenors:
Patrick Cordier (Université de Lille) - Patrick.Cordieruniv-lille1.fr
Nobuyoshi Miyajima (University of Bayreuth) - nobuyoshi.miyajimauni-bayreuth.de

Flow and deformation in the deep interior control the dynamics of terrestrial planets. Nevertheless, our understanding of the rheological properties of the most important planetary materials (high-pressure silicates, ices, iron-rich alloys and carbides) is still limited. Notwithstanding the complex structure of these materials (mostly multiphase materials with unknown grain sizes), we are facing the challenge of the extreme conditions related to the dynamics of planetary interiors: high-pressure, high-temperature and extremely low strain-rates. Recent developments in high-pressure deformation experiments with in-situ and post-mortem characterizations and computational approaches have thrown new light on the research field. In this session, we invite contributions on all aspects of rheology of deep planetary materials. We encourage mineral physicists to cross disciplines and discuss their latest results with geodynamicists and geophysicists.

Keynote speaker: TBA

3b. Evolution of planetary interiors: A closer look at interactions across the core-mantle boundary

Co-convenors:
Wendy Mao (Stanford University) - wmaostanford.edu
Jie (Jackie) Li (University of Michigan) - jackieliumich.edu

SESSION MERGED with 3e

3c. Deep cycles of volatiles in terrestrial planets through time

(co-hosted by Themes 3 and 6)

Co-convenors:
Rajdeep Dasgupta (Rice University) - Rajdeep.Dasguptarice.edu
Nobumichi Shimizu (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) - nshimizuwhoi.edu
Mainak Mookherjee (University of Bayreuth) - Mainak.MookherjeeUni-Bayreuth.de

Volatiles play a significant role in making the terrestrial planets in our solar system unique by influencing the physics and chemistry of planetary interior. In this session we would like to address the origin, evolution, and distribution of hydrogen, carbon, sulfur, and halogen bearing species in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. We hope to discuss diverse topics including, but are not limited to (1) the in- and out-gassing of volatiles from the magma oceans and the evolution of early planetary atmosphere; (2) the fate and influence of volatiles during accretion, solidification, and differentiation of the terrestrial planets; (3) the ancient and present day volatile cycles between exosphere and the planetary interiors; (4) ancient versus modern processes in shaping the volatile inventory of the Earth; (5) the distribution and modes of storage of volatiles in the Earth’s interior and their influence on physical properties and planetary dynamics. We encourage contributions ranging from natural observations, experimental determinations, theoretical calculations and modeling, from any discipline, that constrain volatile cycles of terrestrial planets from deep time to present.

Keynote speaker:
Bernard Marty (CNRS, Nancy, France), bmartycrpg.cnrs-nancy.fr
Invited speakers:
Vincenzo Stagno (Carnegie Institution of Washington), vstagnociw.edu
Rita Parai (Harvard Univeristy), paraifas.harvard.edu
Sujoy Ghosh (ETH, Zurich), sujoy.ghosherdw.ethz.ch

3d. Tracing the evolution of the silicate Earth using siderophile and chalcophile elements

Co-convenors:
Harry Becker (Freie Universität Berlin) - hbeckerzedat.fu-berlin.de
James Brenan (University of Toronto) - brenangeology.utoronto.ca

Siderophile and chalcophile elements and their radiogenic and stable isotopes provide the key constraints for metal-silicate, sulfide-silicate and solid sulfide-liquid sulfide fractionation processes in the Earth and other terrestrial planets. This session invites contributions to currently debated topics such as the influence of core formation and late accretion on element budgets of the silicate Earth, the origin of ancient heterogeneities in modern and ancient mantle-derived rocks, the redox state of the mantle, and the redistribution of siderophile and chalcophile elements during magmatic processes in Earth's mantle and crust.

Keynote speaker:
Richard J. Walker (University of Maryland), rjwalkerumd.edu

3e. Placing P-T-t constraints on planetary differentiation

Co-convenors:
Maud Boyet (Université Clermont-Ferrand) - M.Boyetopgc.univ-bpclermont.fr
Chrystele Sanloup (University of Edinburgh) - chrystele.sanlouped.ac.uk
Wendy Mao (Stanford University) - wmaostanford.edu

This session aims at investigating the distribution of chemical elements within planets, i.e. how and when elements were partitioned according to their geochemical affinities during planetary differentiation. These processes occurred very rapidly for planetesimals and may extend to the first hundreds millions years of the Solar System history for terrestrial planets and the Earth. Isotopic geochemistry puts ever tighter constraints on the timing of differentiation events through partitioning of parent/daughter radiogenic isotopes. In addition, since their definition by V. M. Goldschmidt, geochemical affinities of elements (e.g. volatile, lithophile, siderophile, chalcophile) have been shown to be P- and/or T-dependent and also may be modified by the redox conditions. Both aspects thus provide the tools to unravel P-T-t paths experienced by planetary materials and to explore the driving forces of planetary differentiation. This is a multi-disciplinary session and we welcome contributions from isotope geochemistry, experimental petrology/mineral physics, and numerical modelling.

Keynote speaker:
Wim van Westrenen (VU University Amsterdam), w.van.westrenenvu.nl

3g. Glasses, melts and magmas

(co-hosted by Themes 3, 4 and 6)

Co-convenors:
Daniel R. Neuville (Institut de Physique du Globe, Paris) - neuvilleipgp.fr
Cristina de Campos (LMU-München, Germany) - camposmin.uni-muenchen.de
Akio Suzuki (Tohoku University, Japan) - a-suzukim.tohoku.ac.jp
Kelly Russell (University of British Columbia) - krusselleos.ubc.ca

Silicate Melts, Glasses and Magmas play a fundamental role in the Earth formation and evolution. The purpose of this session is to understand multiphase magma properties, structure, physical, chemical, thermodynamic properties of silicate melts and glasses.

We strongly encourage the submission of contributions focusing on:

1. melt/glass thermodynamics with emphasis on mixing properties,
2. spectroscopic evidence for short, medium range structure,
3. role of cationic and anionic interactions on transport properties,
4. volatile solubility and diffusivity,
5. speciation behavior of elements, with emphasis on volatiles, trace elements,
6. redox properties and the structural role of transition elements,
7. glass transition,
8. rheological properties of magmas, with emphasis on both melt and multiphase systems showing complex rheology,
9. experimental and computational determination of phase diagrams, particularly in volatile-bearing systems, and their impact for the study of magma properties.
10. ab initio modeling of melt thermodynamics and structures and advances in analytical and spectroscopic techniques, especially in HP research.

Finally, applications to both natural magmas and glasses as well as to industrial processes will be most welcome.

Keynote speaker:
Don Dingwell (Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich), dingwelllmu.de
Invited speakers:
Mark Ghiorso (University of Washington), ghiorsoofm-research.org
James Rustad (UC Davis) jrrustaducdavis.edu
Jonathan F. Stebbins (Stanford University), stebbinsstanford.edu

3h. Recent developments and applications of non-traditional stable isotope geochemistry in Earth and Planetary materials

(co-hosted by Themes 3 and 17)

Co-convenors:
Fang-Zhen Teng (University of Arkansas) - ftenguark.edu
Sune Nielsen (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) - snielsenwhoi.edu

There has been much effort expended over the past twenty years in the development of precise and accurate measurements of non-traditional isotopes in terrestrial and extraterrestrial materials. As a consequence, our understanding of non-traditional isotope systematics has been greatly improved and gives rise to important new perspectives on a range of natural processes. It is now known that non-traditional isotopes can be significantly fractionated not only at low-temperatures, but also at high-temperature processes. This session will focus on recent developments in non-traditional stable isotope systems ranging from very light elements such as Li and Mg up to high z-number elements such as Tl and U. We seek contributions examining the mechanisms of non-traditional isotope fractionation and applying measurements of non-traditional isotopic systems to major geochemical problems such as continental and oceanic magmatism, subduction processes and mantle heterogeneity through natural, theoretical and experimental studies.

Keynote speaker:
Don DePaolo (UC-Berkeley), depaoloeps.berkeley.edu

 

Co-hosted sessions:

Please note that for abstract submission purposes, the following sessions and their respective descriptions appear in their primary Theme assignments (numbers in red or before the title).

5e.-Extraction of crust from the mantle through time: from the Archean to the present

Co-convenors: Othmar Müntener/Lausanne, Oliver Jagoutz/MIT, Jean Bédard/GSC and Steve Parman/Brown
(co-hosted by Themes 5, 3 and 6)

6a.- Earth’s deep carbon cycle

Co-convenors: Eric Hauri/Carnegie and Juske Horita/Texas Tech
(co-hosted by Themes 6, 3 and 4)

6c.- Crystals and glasses as archives of volcanic processes

Co-convenors: Marc-Antoine Longpré (McGill),Valentin Troll (Uppsala), John Stix (McGill) and Steffen Kutterolf (IFM-GEOMAR)
(co-hosted by Themes 6 and 3)

23a.- Frontiers in fluid and melt inclusion research

Co-convenors: Iain Samson/Windsor and Robert Bodnar/Virginia Tech
(co-hosted by Themes 23 and 3

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